PRAGUE (Reuters) – Fifty years ago Soviet tanks rolled into Prague to crush the Czechoslovak Communist government’s democratic reforms, ushering in a bloody occupation whose lessons many Czechs fear have been forgotten.
The anniversary, marked in Prague and the Slovak capital Bratislava by ceremonies, exhibitions and films about the ‘Prague Spring’ and its brutal suppression that began on Aug. 21, 1968, comes at a time of renewed influence for the long-marginalized Czech Communist Party in national politics.
Prominent European Union politicians said the anniversary also underlined the need to defend freedom and democracy today on a continent facing a new wave of authoritarianism in eastern Europe, as well as a more assertive Russia.
“August 21 (1968) was a punch to the face,” said Vladimir Hanzel, recalling the raw violence of the day when 200,000 Warsaw Pact troops – mostly Soviet but also Polish, Hungarian and Bulgarian – descended on his country.
Hanzel, then a 17-year-old student, said he made his way to the centre of Prague against his mother’s advice to see the foreign troops blast the National Museum with heavy machine gunfire, mistaking the ornate building for a government office.
COMMUNISTS ARE BACK
Hanzel, who later served as personal secretary to Vaclav Havel, the country’s first post-communist president, expressed concern that, for the first time since 1989, the Czech Communists are again wielding political influence.
In July, the pro-Russian, anti-NATO Communists, who have maintained a place in parliament, helped Prime Minister Andrej Babis’s minority government win a confidence vote.
“It is one of today’s big paradoxes that… the Communists are again pushing forward and people don’t mind,” said Hanzel.
Babis told Reuters in an interview last month that today’s Communists were a democratic party and no foreign partners had raised concerns.
Babis, a billionaire businessman, is battling in court allegations that he himself was an informer for the Communist secret police. He was greeted by protesters whistling and shouting “Shame!” at a ceremony to mark Tuesday’s anniversary.
“I don’t agree that freedom is under threat today,” Babis said in a speech. “Freedom and democracy mean above all that I am able to accept that somebody has the right to different opinions and preferences to mine.”
However, Petr Pithart, the first Czech prime minister after 1989 and then Senate speaker, said he expected protests against Babis over his cooperation with the Communists would continue.
“It is massive, as if people felt threatened again,” he told Reuters.
Tuesday’s anniversary coincides with mounting concerns in Brussels and other western European capitals about the resilience of democracy in post-communist member states. The EU and rights groups have criticised judicial reforms in Poland and Romania and the curbing of media freedoms in Hungary.
Alluding to such worries, veteran EU lawmaker Guy Verhofstadt tweeted: “50 years ago today, the Red Army crushed the hopes of Czechs & Slovaks who sought freedom & democracy. Europeans must now stand together & reject a new wave of authoritarian influence undermining our societies again.”
Slovak President Andrej Kiska also tweeted: “Our most important duty is to protect freedom & ability to determine our own future without a fear that choices we make will be crushed by brute force.”
Another legacy of the Soviet-led invasion is deep distrust of Russia among many in both the Czech Republic and Slovakia – which split peacefully in 1993 – even though some leading politicians advocate increased economic ties.
Czech President Milos Zeman, who opposes EU sanctions on Moscow, drew criticism for declining to speak on Tuesday.
The Czech intelligence service often highlights Russian espionage activity in politics and business.
“(The Russians) probably would not come with tanks today but there are other forms. They think they are a great empire,” said Dana Kyndrova, curator of an exhibition of photographs from August 21, 1968.
Amid general confusion, as the troops struggled with Czech street names, he described Prague citizens erecting barricades with trams and other vehicles, which prompted the soldiers to open fire, killing and wounding dozens.
Moscow’s Communist leadership had ordered the invasion to end the Czechoslovak Communist Party’s reforms easing travel restrictions and censorship. This had allowed greater media freedom and exposed the regime to allegations of corruption.
The surprise invasion led to the end of Czechoslovak Communist leader Alexander Dubcek’s ‘Socialism with a human face” policy and to two more decades of totalitarian rule until mass peaceful protests in 1989 finally ended Communist rule.
